Subaru Crosstrek Service Manual: Inspection

1. CYLINDER HEAD

1. Visually inspect to make sure that there are no cracks, scratches or other damage.

2. Use liquid penetrant tester on the important sections to check for fissures.

3. Check that there are no marks of gas leaking or water leaking on gasket attachment surface.

4. Check the warping of the cylinder head mating surface that mates with cylinder block at the locations shown in the figure using a straight edge (A) and thickness gauge (B). If it exceeds the limit, correct the surface by grinding it with a surface grinder or replace the cylinder head.

NOTE:

• Measurement should be performed at a temperature of 20°C (68°F).

• If there is warpage on the cylinder head mating surface, the cylinder head bolt tightening torque and angle tightening may be improper. When installing the cylinder head, make sure that tightening torque and angle tightening work is performed precisely according to the operation procedures.

• When the cylinder head is replaced, lap each valve. Refer to “VALVE SEAT” for lapping. Cylinder Head > INSPECTION">

Cylinder head warpage:

Limit

0.020 mm (0.0008 in)

Cylinder head grinding limit:

To 98.4 mm (3.874 in)

Cylinder head height:

Standard

98.5 mm (3.878 in)

1. Check the valve flange and stem for damage, wear or deformation.

2. Measure the thickness “H” of valve head edge as shown in the figure using a caliper gauge. If it is not within the standard, replace the valve.

NOTE:

• It is possible to differentiate between the intake valve and the exhaust valve by their overall length.

Valve overall length:

Intake

104.95 mm (4.132 in)

Exhaust

96.5 mm (3.799 in)

Valve head edge thickness H:

Intake (A)

Standard

0.8 — 1.2 mm (0.031 — 0.047 in)

Exhaust (B)

Standard

1.0 — 1.4 mm (0.039 — 0.055 in)

3. Check the clearance between valve and valve guide. Check the clearance between valve and valve guide by measuring the outer diameter of valve stem and the inner diameter of valve guide respectively.

(1) Measure the outer diameter of valve stem with a micrometer. If it is not within the standard, replace the valve.

NOTE:

• Measurement should be performed at a temperature of 20°C (68°F).

• Measure the outer diameter of the valve stem at the six locations as shown in the figure, and read the value of most worn location.

• When the valve is replaced, lap the valve. Refer to “VALVE SEAT” for lapping. Cylinder Head > INSPECTION">

Valve stem outer diameter:

Intake

Standard

5.455 — 5.470 mm (0.2148 — 0.2154 in)

Exhaust

Standard

5.445 — 5.460 mm (0.2144 — 0.2150 in)

(2) Using a caliper gauge, measure the inner diameter of valve guide. If it is not within the standard, replace the valve guide. For replacement procedure, refer to step 4).

NOTE:

• Measurement should be performed at a temperature of 20°C (68°F).

• Measure the inner diameter of the valve guide at the six locations as shown in the figure, and read the value of most worn location.

Valve guide inner diameter:

Standard

5.500 — 5.512 mm (0.2165 — 0.2170 in)

(3) Calculate the clearance between valve and valve guide.

Clearance between valve and valve guide:

Intake

Standard

0.030 — 0.057 mm (0.0012 — 0.0022 in)

Exhaust

Standard

0.040 — 0.067 mm (0.0016 — 0.0026 in)

4. If the clearance between valve and valve guide exceeds the standard, replace the valve or valve guide, whichever shows the greater amount of wear or damage. For replacement procedure of valve guide, refer to the following.

NOTE:

When the valve is replaced, lap the valve. Refer to “VALVE SEAT” for lapping. Cylinder Head > INSPECTION">

(1) Insert ST into the valve guide with the combustion chamber upward and remove the valve guide using plastic hammer.

CAUTION:

• Place a wood board wrapped with a waste cloth to stabilize the cylinder head before work.

• Use special care not to damage the cylinder head during work.

• Always strike the ST vertically with a plastic hammer. Otherwise, the ST can be damaged.

(2) Before installing the valve guide, make sure that neither scratches nor damages exist on the inner surface of valve guide installation holes of cylinder head.

(3) Draw a reference line (A) for insert on the valve guide using a marker as shown in the figure.

NOTE:

• Use a new valve guide.

• A reference line for insert is used as a guide when tapping-in the valve guide.

Valve guide inserting reference line position L:

15 mm (0.5906 in)

(4) Apply a enough coat of engine oil to the valve guide, and set the valve guide on the cylinder head with the combustion chamber downward.

(5) Insert the ST into the valve guide, and tap-in the valve guide to the reference line (A) for insert using plastic hammer.

CAUTION:

• During work, place a waste cloth, etc. to avoid scratching the mating surface of the cylinder head.

• Use special care not to damage the cylinder head during work.

• Always strike the ST vertically with a plastic hammer. Otherwise, the ST can be damaged.

(6) Measure the valve guide protrusion amount “L” as shown in the figure using a caliper gauge. Insert the ST into the valve guide again, and tap-in the valve guide so that it is positioned within standard by referring to the measured value using plastic hammer.

CAUTION:

• During work, place a waste cloth, etc. to avoid scratching the mating surface of the cylinder head.

• Use special care not to damage the cylinder head during work.

• Always strike the ST vertically with a plastic hammer. Otherwise, the ST can be damaged.

Be careful not to tap-in excessively by repeating the steps of Tapping-in > Measurement > Tapping-in > Measurement … when installing the valve guide.

Valve guide protrusion amount L:

Standard

11.4 — 11.8 mm (0.449 — 0.465 in)

(7) Ream the inside of valve guide with the combustion chamber upward using the ST. Put the ST in valve guide, and rotate the ST slowly clockwise while pushing it lightly. Bring the ST back while rotating it clockwise.

CAUTION:

• Place a wood board wrapped with a waste cloth to stabilize the cylinder head before work.

• Use special care not to damage the cylinder head during work.

• Apply engine oil to the ST.

• If the inner surface of valve guide is damaged, the edge of ST should be slightly ground with oil stone.

• If the inner surface of valve guide becomes lustrous and the ST does not chip, use a new ST or remedy the ST.

(8) After reaming, clean the valve guide to remove chips.

(9) Check the seating width between valve and valve seat. Cylinder Head > INSPECTION">

1. Visually check the valve shim for damage.

2. Check the clearance between valve and valve shim. Check the clearance between valve and valve shim by measuring the outer diameter of valve stem end and the inner diameter of valve shim respectively.

(1) Measure the outer diameter of valve stem end with a micrometer. If it is not within the standard, replace the valve.

NOTE:

• Measurement should be performed at a temperature of 20°C (68°F).

• Measure the outer diameter of the valve stem end at the two locations as shown in the figure, and read the value of most worn location.

• When the valve is replaced, lap the valve. Refer to “VALVE SEAT” for lapping. Cylinder Head > INSPECTION">

Valve stem end outer diameter:

Intake

Standard

5.455 — 5.470 mm (0.2148 — 0.2154 in)

Exhaust

Standard

5.445 — 5.460 mm (0.2144 — 0.2150 in)

(2) Using a caliper gauge, measure the inner diameter of valve shim. If it is not within the standard, replace the valve shim.

NOTE:

• Measurement should be performed at a temperature of 20°C (68°F).

• Measure the inner diameter of the valve shim at the two locations as shown in the figure, and read the value of most worn location.

• If the valve shim has to be replaced, check the cam clearance and replace with the suitable valve shim. Cam Clearance > INSPECTION">

Valve shim inner diameter:

Standard

5.500 — 5.560 mm (0.2165 — 0.2189 in)

(3) Calculate the clearance between valve and valve shim. If the clearance exceeds the standard, replace the valve or valve shim, whichever shows the greater amount of wear or damage.

NOTE:

• When the valve is replaced, lap the valve. Refer to “VALVE SEAT” for lapping. Cylinder Head > INSPECTION">

• If the valve shim has to be replaced, check the cam clearance and replace with the suitable valve shim. Cam Clearance > INSPECTION">

Clearance between valve and valve shim:

Intake

Standard

0.030 — 0.105 mm (0.0012 — 0.0041 in)

Exhaust

Standard

0.040 — 0.115 mm (0.0016 — 0.0045 in)

1. Check the valve seat for damage and deformation.

2. Check the seating width and seating position between valve and valve seat for the intake valve seat and exhaust valve seat.

(1) Clean the valve and valve seat.

(2) Coat the stem (A) of the valve lightly with engine oil and apply red dye evenly on the valve face (B).

(3) Using the valve lapper, slowly insert the valve with red dye applied into the valve guide. Lightly press the valve against the valve seat without turning the valve, and then slowly pull out the valve.

(4) Check the seating width “W” of valve seat as shown in the figure, using a caliper gauge. Check the seating width “W” between valve and valve seat by measuring the width of red dye on the seating surface of valve seat. If the seating width “W” between valve and valve seat is out of the standard, correct the seating surface of valve seat using the valve seat cutter. For correcting procedures of the valve seat seating surface, refer to step 3).

NOTE:

• When the red dye does not appear seamlessly on the valve seat seating surface, lap the valve. For lapping procedure, refer to step 4).

• When the red dye does not appear seamlessly on the valve seat seating surface even after lapping the valve, correct the valve seat seating surface using the valve seat cutter. For correcting procedures of the valve seat seating surface, refer to step 3).

Seating width W between valve and valve seat:

Intake

Standard

0.8 — 1.6 mm (0.031 — 0.063 in)

Exhaust

Standard

1.1 — 1.7 mm (0.043 — 0.067 in)

(5) Wipe off the red dye on the valve and valve seat completely.

(6) Coat the stem (A) of the valve lightly with engine oil and apply red dye evenly on the seating surface (B) between valve and valve seat.

(7) Using the valve lapper, slowly insert the valve into the valve guide. Lightly press the valve against the valve seat without turning the valve, and then slowly pull out the valve.

(8) Check the seating position between valve and valve seat. Check the seating position between valve and valve seat by checking the position of red dye on the valve face. If the seating position between valve and valve seat is not at the center of valve face, correct the seating surface of valve seat using the valve seat cutter. For correcting procedures of the valve seat seating surface, refer to step 3).

Seating position between valve and valve seat:

Valve face center

(9) After inspection, wipe off the red dye completely.

3. When correcting the seating surfaces of valve seat

(1) Correct the seating angle between valve and valve seat using the 45° valve seat cutter.

NOTE:

• Grind the seating surface so that the seating width between valve and valve seat becomes slightly larger than the standard value.

• Gradually reduce pressure at the end of grinding process in order to avoid creating a gap on the valve seat correcting surface.

Seating angle between valve and valve seat:

45°

(2) Lap the valve. For lapping procedure of the valve, refer to step 4).

(3) Check the seating position between valve and valve seat. For inspection of the seating position between valve and valve seat, refer to step 2).

NOTE:

This procedure is necessary to select a seat cutter to be used in step (4).

(4) Using a seat cutter, correct the valve seat so that the seating width between valve and valve seat becomes the standard value.

NOTE:

• Select a proper valve seat cutter according to the following table.

(5) Lap the valve. For lapping procedure of the valve, refer to step 4).

4. When lapping the valve

(1) Coat the stem (A) of the valve lightly with engine oil and put a small amount of valve compound evenly on the valve face (B).

NOTE:

• Be careful not to put the valve compound more than necessary.

• To avoid damaging the valve guide and valve stem, be careful not to let the valve compound contact the valve stem.

(2) Using the valve lapper, slowly insert the valve with the valve compound applied into the valve guide, and lap the seating surface between valve and valve seat. First, lift the valve and strike it against the valve seat twice, and then slightly turn the valve once. Repeat these steps as one set.

NOTE:

• To prevent the seating width between valve and valve seat from exceeding the standard value, be careful not to keep turning the valve while pressing it against the valve seat during lapping.

• Be careful not to lift the valve too far during lapping in order to prevent the valve from coming off the valve guide.

(3) Wipe off the valve compound on the valve and valve seat completely after lapping.

NOTE:

Be careful not to leave any valve compound in order to avoid malfunction.

(4) Check the seating width and seating position between valve and valve seat.

1. Check the valve spring for damage and deformation.

2. Using a caliper gauge, valve spring tester, surface plate and try square, check the valve spring free length, tension/spring height and squareness. If it is not within the standard, replace the valve spring.

NOTE:

• Measurement should be performed at a temperature of 20°C (68°F).

• To check the squareness of the valve spring, stand the valve spring on a surface plate and check its deflection at the top of the valve spring using a try square.

Valve spring free length:

MT model

Standard

41.06 mm (1.617 in)

Standard

41.68 mm (1.641 in)

Valve spring tension/spring height:

MT model

Set

Standard

182 — 210 N (18.56 — 21.41 kgf, 40.92 — 47.22 lbf)/33.0 mm (1.299 in)

Lift

Standard

552 — 610 N (56.29 — 62.20 kgf, 124.11 — 137.15 lbf)/22.0 mm (0.866 in)

Set

Standard

182 — 210 N (18.56 — 21.41 kgf, 40.92 — 47.22 lbf)/33.0 mm (1.299 in)

Lift

Standard

502 — 554 N (51.19 — 56.49 kgf, 112.87 — 124.56 lbf)/22.0 mm (0.866 in)

Valve spring squareness:

Standard

2.5°, 1.8 mm (0.071 in) or less

Disassembly

Installation

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